Following a 19.4 percent drop in the value of its endowment, the University of Pennsylvania will raise its term bill by 3.8 percent, making the cost of attendance close to $50,000. The increase in tuition — the lowest in 41 years — will help Penn pay for a $17.6 million increase in its financial aid budget, the university said Friday. Although the value of Penn’s fund fell from $6.2 billion to $5 billion, the endowment supports only 9 percent of operating expenditures. The Ivy League school in Philadelphia is cutting about $57 million from its budget.